Iṣuu soda hydroxide
Iṣuu soda hydroxide, ẹniti agbekalẹ kemikali rẹ jẹ NaOH, ti a mọ ni igbagbogbo bi omi onisuga, omi onisuga ati omi onisuga. Nigbati o ba tuka, o nmu õrùn amonia jade. O ti wa ni kan to lagbara causticalkali, eyi ti o jẹ ni gbogbogbo ni flake tabi granular fọọmu. O jẹ irọrun tiotuka ninu omi (nigbati o ba tuka ninu omi, o funni ni ooru) ati ṣe ojutu ipilẹ ipilẹ. Ni afikun, o jẹ apanirun ati irọrun fa oru omi (deliquescence) ati erogba oloro (idibajẹ) ninu afẹfẹ. NaOH jẹ ọkan ninu awọn kemikali pataki ni awọn ile-iṣẹ kemikali, ati pe o tun jẹ ọkan ninu awọn kemikali ti o wọpọ. Ọja mimọ ko ni awọ ati okuta momọ gara. iwuwo 2.130 g / cm. Ojuami yo 318.4 ℃. Ojutu farabale jẹ 1390 ℃. Awọn ọja ile-iṣẹ ni iye kekere ti iṣuu soda kiloraidi ati sodium carbonate, eyiti o jẹ funfun ati awọn kirisita akomo. Nibẹ ni o wa blocky, flaky, granular ati ọpá-sókè. Iru opoiye 40.01
Iṣuu soda hydroxidele ṣee lo bi aṣoju mimọ ipilẹ ni itọju omi, eyiti o tuka ni ethanol ati glycerol; Insoluble ni propanol ati ether. O tun ba erogba ati iṣuu soda jẹ ni iwọn otutu giga. Idahun aiṣedeede pẹlu halogen gẹgẹbi chlorine, bromine ati iodine. Neutralize pẹlu acids lati dagba iyo ati omi.
Awọn ohun-ini ti ara ti kika
Soda hydroxide jẹ kirisita translucent funfun ti o lagbara. Ojutu olomi rẹ ni itọwo astringent ati rilara satiny.
Kika deliquescence O ti wa ni deliquescent ninu awọn air.
Gbigba omi kika
Ri to alkali jẹ gíga hygroscopic. Nigbati o ba farahan si afẹfẹ, o fa awọn ohun elo omi ni afẹfẹ, ati nikẹhin yoo tuka patapata sinu ojutu, ṣugbọn omi soda hydroxide ko ni hygroscopicity.
Solubility kika
alkalinity kika
Sodium hydroxide yoo pin patapata sinu awọn ions soda ati awọn ions hydroxide nigba tituka ninu omi, nitorina o ni gbogbogbo ti alkali.
O le ṣe ifaseyin neutralization acid-ipilẹ pẹlu eyikeyi protonic acid (eyiti o tun jẹ ti ifaseyin jijẹ ilọpo meji):
NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H₂O
2NaOH + H₂SO₄=Na₂SO₄+2H₂O
NaOH + HNO₃=NaNO₃+H₂O
Bakanna, ojutu rẹ le faragba ifa jijẹ ilọpo meji pẹlu ojutu iyọ:
NaOH + NH₄Cl = NaCl +NH₃·H₂O
2NaOH + CuSO₄= Cu(OH)₂↓+ Na₂SO₄
2NaOH+MgCl₂= 2NaCl+Mg(OH)₂↓
Idahun saponification kika
Ni ọpọlọpọ awọn aati Organic, iṣuu soda hydroxide tun ṣe ipa kanna bi ayase, laarin eyiti aṣoju julọ jẹ saponification:
RCOOR' + NaOH = RCOONa + R'OH
Kọlu miiran
Idi ti iṣuu soda hydroxide ni irọrun bajẹ sinu soda carbonate (Na₂CO₃) ninu afẹfẹ nitori afẹfẹ ni erogba oloro (co):
2NaOH + CO₂ = Na₂CO₃ + H₂O
Ti erogba oloro oloro ti o pọ ju ti wa ni idasilẹ nigbagbogbo, iṣuu soda bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), ti a mọ nigbagbogbo bi omi onisuga, yoo jẹ ipilẹṣẹ, ati pe idogba esi jẹ bi atẹle:
Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O = 2NaHCO₃
Bakanna, iṣuu soda hydroxide le fesi pẹlu awọn oxides ekikan gẹgẹbi silicon dioxide (SiO₂) ati sulfur dioxide (SO):
2NaOH + SiO₂ = Na₂SiO₃ + H₂O
2 NaOH+SO (tọpa) = Na₂SO₃+H₂O
NaOH+SO₂ (pupọ ju) = NaHSO₃ (NASO ti ipilẹṣẹ ati omi fesi pẹlu SO ti o pọju lati ṣe ina nahSO)
